In the transformation of China’s social development, changes in rural areas have been the most significant. Recently, scholars in the field of rural governance have concentrated on how to respond to the changes in social relations in modern rural areas and on new forms of social contradictions, focusing on realizing the modernization of rural governance capabilities in the new era.

China’s rural reform has made great achievements attracting the attention of the world. Its fundamental experience is to respect primary-level exploration and farmers’ pioneering spirits and thus promote the continuous reform and innovation of the rural governance system. Chen Wensheng, a professor from the Rural Revitalization Institute at Hunan Normal University, said that effective rural governance means that the relevant departments must respect objective situations in rural areas and farmers’ interests, combining the top-down fundamental system and bottom-up multiple governance mechanism. Then, a governance model controlled by various participants will be formed which gathers the strength of its largest participants.

All of the government departments, social organizations and individuals actually interact with each other in the process of governing public affairs, coordinating disagreements and exercising political, economic and social rights, said Wu Licai, a professor from the School of Sociology and Political Science at Anhui University.

Xiang Jiquan, a professor from the School of Politics and International Studies at Central China Normal University, said that the way to strengthen the overall Party leadership of primary-level Party organizations in rural areas involves not only the functions and entitlement relations of rural Party organizations, rural committees and village collectives, but also the style and capacities of Party leadership in rural communities and the construction of the overall governance of rural communities. In the process of strengthening Party leadership, it is necessary to reform and improve the leadership and work mechanism of the primarylevel Party organizations in rural areas, strengthen the linkage between laws and policies addressing the overall Party leadership, and ensure that the Party branch secretaries take multiple responsibilities. Then, the modernization of rural communities’ system and capacity for governance can be promoted.